Java就业培训教程.pdf

目录介绍................................................................................................................................................. 2国内知名猎头烽火猎聘公司年度高薪职位招聘类别划分：it 类别位居第二，java更是位居第一，反映出 java 人才在社会人才紧缺及热门都占有很高的比重，能帮助您有一份好的工作。........................................................................................................... 2第 1 章 Java 开发前奏.................................................................................................................. 91.1 Java 虚拟机及 Java 的跨平台原理.......................................................................... 101.2 Java 的开发环境的搭建............................................................................................ 111.2.1 环境变量的介绍................................................................................................ 131.2.2 如何查看系统环境变量....................................................................................131.2.3 如何设置系统环境变量....................................................................................151.3 体验 Java 编程的过程.............................................................................................. 171.4 classpath 的设置......................................................................................................... 191.5 有效利用 Java 的文档帮助.........................................................................................231.6 JVM（虚拟机）的运行过程....................................................................................261.7 垃圾回收器................................................................................................................. 271.8 反编译工具的介绍.....................................................................................................281.8.1 JAD...................................................................................................................281.8.2 FrontEnd...........................................................................................................29第 2 章 Java 编程基础.............................................................................................................322.1 Java 基本语法格式.................................................................................................... 322.1.1 Java 代码的落脚点.........................................................................................322.1.2 Java 是严格区分大小写的.............................................................................322.1.3 Java 是一种自由格式的语言........................................................................ 322.1.4 Java 程序的注释............................................................................................. 322.1.5 Java 中的标识符............................................................................................. 332.1.6 Java 的关键字................................................................................................. 342.1.7 Java 中的常量................................................................................................. 342.2 变量及变量的作用域.................................................................................................. 352.2.1 变量的概念......................................................................................................352.2.2 Java 的变量类型............................................................................................. 362.2.3 注意变量的有效取值范围.............................................................................372.2.4 基本数据类型之间的转换...............................................................................382.2.5 表达式的数据类型自动提升...........................................................................392.2.6 变量的作用域................................................................................................. 402.2.7 局部变量的初始化......................................................................................... 412.3 函数与函数的重载.......................................................................................................422.3.1 函数..................................................................................................................... 422.3.2 函数的参数传递过程........................................................................................ 46Java 就业培训教程 42.3.3 函数的重载.........................................................................................................462.4 Java 中的运算符.........................................................................................................472.4.1 算术运算符........................................................................................................472.4.2 赋值运算符........................................................................................................492.4.3 比较运算符........................................................................................................492.4.4 逻辑运算符........................................................................................................502.4.5 位运算符.............................................................................................................502.4.6 运算符的优先级............................................................................................... 532.5 程序的流程控制.........................................................................................................542.5.1 顺序结构............................................................................................................542.5.2 if 选择语句...................................................................................................... 542.5.3 switch 选择语句..............................................................................................572.5.4 while 循环语句............................................................................................... 582.5.5 for 循环语句....................................................................................................592.5.6 break 与 continue 语句................................................................................... 602.6 数组..............................................................................................................................612.6.1 数组的基本概念............................................................................................. 612.6.2 数组的静态初始化......................................................................................... 632.6.3 使用数组时要注意的问题.............................................................................642.6.4 多维数组..........................................................................................................652.6.5 一些与数组操作相关的函数...........................................................................67第 3 章 面向对象（上）..........................................................................................................703.1 面向对象的概念.........................................................................................................703.1.1 面向过程..........................................................................................................703.1.2 面向对象..........................................................................................................703.2 类与对象..................................................................................................................... 713.2.1 类的定义..........................................................................................................713.2.2 对象的产生与使用......................................................................................... 723.2.3 对象的比较......................................................................................................753.2.4 匿名对象..........................................................................................................783.2.5 实现类的封装性............................................................................................. 783.3 构造函数..................................................................................................................... 813.3.1 构造函数的定义与作用.................................................................................813.3.2 构造方法的重载............................................................................................. 823.3.3 构造方法的一些细节.....................................................................................853.4 this 引用句柄.............................................................................................................. 873.5 与垃圾回收有关的知识............................................................................................ 913.5.1 finalize 方法.....................................................................................................913.5.2 System.gc 的作用............................................................................................923.6 函数的参数传递.........................................................................................................933.6.1 基本数据类型的参数传递.............................................................................933.6.2 引用数据类型的参数传递.............................................................................943.7 static 关键字................................................................................................................983.7.1 静态变量..........................................................................................................98Java 就业培训教程 53.7.2 静态方法........................................................................................................1003.7.3 静态代码块....................................................................................................1013.7.4 单态设计模式............................................................................................... 1023.7.5 理解 main 方法的语法.................................................................................1023.8 内部类....................................................................................................................... 1033.8.1 类中定义的内部类.......................................................................................1033.8.2 内部类如何被外部引用...............................................................................1073.8.3 方法中定义的内部类...................................................................................1083.9 使用 Java 的文档注释............................................................................................. 109第 4 章 面向对象（下）............................................................................................. 1144.1 类的继承..................................................................................................................... 1144.1.1 继承的特点......................................................................................................1144.1.2 子类对象的实例化过程.................................................................................1174.1.3 覆盖父类的方法........................................................................................... 1184.1.4 final 关键字................................................................................................... 1204.2 抽象类与接口...........................................................................................................1214.2.1 抽象类............................................................................................................1214.2.2 接口(interface)...............................................................................................1214.3 对象的多态性...........................................................................................................1234.3.1 对象的类型转换........................................................................................... 1234.3.2 Object 类........................................................................................................1264.3.3 面向对象的多态性.......................................................................................1274.3.4 匿名内部类....................................................................................................1304.4 异常........................................................................................................................... 1324.4.1 了解异常........................................................................................................1324.4.2 try… catch 语句............................................................................................ 1334.4.5 finally 关键字................................................................................................1384.4.6 异常的一些使用细节.....................................................................................1404.4.7 Java 引入异常的好处...................................................................................1404.5 包..................................................................................................................................1404.5.1 package 语句及应用.....................................................................................1414.5.2 import 语句及应用....................................................................................... 1454.5.3 JDK 中的常用包...........................................................................................1484.6 访问控制................................................................................................................... 1484.6.1 类成员的访问控制.......................................................................................1484.6.2 类的访问控制................................................................................................. 1494.6.3 Java 的命名习惯........................................................................................... 1494.7 使用 jar 文件.............................................................................................................1504.7.1 jar 文件包...................................................................................................... 1504.7.2 jar 命令详解.................................................................................................. 1504.7.3 使用 WinRAR 对 jar 文件进行查看...........................................................154第 5 章 多线程.......................................................................................................................... 1575.1 如何创建与理解线程.............................................................................................. 1575.1.1 了解线程概念............................................................................................... 157Java 就业培训教程 65.1.2 用 Thread 类创建线程................................................................................. 1575.1.3 使用 Runnable 接口创建多线程.................................................................1605.1.4 两种实现多线程方式的对比分析..............................................................1615.1.5 后台线程与联合线程...................................................................................1645.1.6 多线程在实际中的应用...............................................................................1675.2 多线程的同步...........................................................................................................1695.2.1 线程安全问题............................................................................................... 1695.2.2 同步代码块....................................................................................................1705.2.3 同步函数........................................................................................................1735.2.4 代码块与函数间的同步...............................................................................1745.2.5 死锁问题........................................................................................................1785.3 线程间的通信...........................................................................................................1805.3.1 问题的引出....................................................................................................1805.3.2 问题如何解决............................................................................................... 1805.4 线程生命的控制.......................................................................................................1885.4.1 线程的生命周期........................................................................................... 1885.4.2 如何控制线程的生命...................................................................................189第 6 章 Java API..............................................................................................................1916.1 理解 API 的概念...................................................................................................... 1916.2 工具软件的介绍与使用.......................................................................................... 1926.3 String 类和 StringBuffer 类.....................................................................................1936.4 基本数据类型的对象包装类..................................................................................1966.5 集合类....................................................................................................................... 1986.6 Hashtable 与 Properties 类.......................................................................................2026.7 System 类与 Runtime 类..........................................................................................2056.7.1 System 类..........................................................................................................2056.7.2 Runtime 类........................................................................................................2076.8 Date 与 Calendar，DateFormat 类......................................................................... 2086.9 Math 与 Random 类................................................................................................. 2106.10 学习 API 的方法.................................................................................................... 210第 7 章 IO/输入输出...................................................................................................... 2127.1 File 类........................................................................................................................ 2127.2 RandomAccessFile 类.............................................................................................. 2147.3 节点流....................................................................................................................... 2167.3.1 理解流的概念............................................................................................... 2167.3.2 InputStream 与 OutputStream...................................................................... 2177.3.3 FileInputStream 与 FileOutputStream......................................................... 2197.3.4 Reader 与 Writer............................................................................................2207.3.5 PipedInputStream 与 PipedOutputStream................................................... 2217.3.6 ByteArrayInputStream 与 ByteArrayOutputStream...................................2237.3.7 IO 程序代码的复用......................................................................................2257.4 过滤流与包装类.......................................................................................................2277.4.1 理解包装类的概念与作用...........................................................................2277.4.2 BufferedInputStream 与 BufferedOuputStream.........................................228Java 就业培训教程 77.4.3 DataInputStream 与 DataOutputStream..................................................... 2287.4.4 PrintStream.................................................................................................... 2317.4.5 ObjectInputStream 与 ObjectOutputStream................................................2327.4.6 字节流与字符流的转换...............................................................................2347.4.7 IO 包中的类层次关系图............................................................................. 2367.5 IO 中的高级应用..................................................................................................... 2377.5.1 字符集的编码问题.......................................................................................2377.5.2 Decorator 设计模式.....................................................................................2477.5.3 Java 虚拟机读写其他进程的数据..............................................................248第 8 章 GUI（上）.................................................................................................................2538.1 初识 AWT................................................................................................................. 2538.2 AWT 线程..................................................................................................................2548.3 AWT 事件处理......................................................................................................... 2558.3.1 事件处理机制............................................................................................... 2558.3.2 用事件监听器处理事件...............................................................................2578.3.3 事件适配器....................................................................................................2588.3.4 事件监听器的匿名内置类实现方式..........................................................2618.3.5 事件处理的多重运用...................................................................................2628.3.6 高级事件处理............................................................................................... 2648.4 GUI 组件上的图形操作..........................................................................................2668.4.1 Graphics 类.................................................................................................... 2668.4.2 组件重绘........................................................................................................2698.4.3 图像操作........................................................................................................2738.4.4 双缓冲的技术............................................................................................... 276第 9 章 GUI（下）.................................................................................................................2799.1 常用 AWT 组件........................................................................................................2799.1.1 Component 类................................................................................................2799.1.2 Canvas............................................................................................................ 2799.1.3 Checkbox....................................................................................................... 2829.1.4 Choice.............................................................................................................2849.1.5 菜单................................................................................................................2859.1.6 Container 类...................................................................................................2889.1.7 Window 类.....................................................................................................2899.1.8 Dialog.............................................................................................................2899.1.9 Panel 类..........................................................................................................2929.1.10 ScrollPane 类...............................................................................................2929.2 布局管理器...............................................................................................................2939.2.1 了解布局管理............................................................................................... 2939.2.2 BorderLayout.................................................................................................2949.2.3 FlowLayout....................................................................................................2959.2.4 GridLayout.....................................................................................................2969.2.5 CardLayout.................................................................................................... 2969.2.6 GridBagLayout.............................................................................................. 2989.2.7 取消布局管理器........................................................................................... 299Java 就业培训教程 89.3 Swing......................................................................................................................... 3009.3.1 Swing 介绍.................................................................................................... 3009.3.2 从 AWT 过渡到 Swing.................................................................................3009.3.3 JFrame............................................................................................................ 3019.3.4 JScrollPane.....................................................................................................3029.3.5 对话框............................................................................................................3029.3.6 计算器界面的程序实现...............................................................................3039.3.7 BoxLayout 布局管理器................................................................................306第 10 章 Applet........................................................................................................................30710.1 浏览器怎样显示网页............................................................................................... 30710.2 浏览器处理网页脚本代码的过程...........................................................................30710.3 浏览器怎么处理 Applet........................................................................................... 30810.4 Applet 类及其方法.................................................................................................... 31110.5 一个显示动画的 Applet 的程序..............................................................................31310.5.1 URL 类............................................................................................................31510.5.2 update 方法.....................................................................................................31610.6 关于 Applet 的一些细节.......................................................................................... 31710.6.1 Applet 的运行环境........................................................................................ 31710.6.2 Applet 程序中如何使用控制台输出........................................................... 31810.6.3 Applet 程序中需要注意的问题....................................................................32010.6.4 Applet 标记.....................................................................................................32010.6.5 OBJECT 标记.................................................................................................32310.7 验证 Applet 对象在客户端如何存在的................................................................. 325第 11 章 网络编程.................................................................................................................... 32811.1 网络编程的基础知识.............................................................................................. 32811.1.1 TCP/IP 网络程序的 IP 地址和端口号........................................................ 32811.1.2 UDP 与 TCP................................................................................................ 32811.1.3 Socket........................................................................................................... 32911.2 Java 编写 UDP 网络程序......................................................................................33111.2.1 DatagramSocket...........................................................................................33111.2.2 DatagramPacket...........................................................................................33111.2.3 InetAddress.................................................................................................. 33211.2.4 最简单的 UDP 程序...................................................................................33211.2.5 用 UDP 编写聊天程序...............................................................................33411.3 Java 编写 TCP 网络程序.......................................................................................33911.3.1 ServerSocket................................................................................................ 34011.3.2 Socket........................................................................................................... 34111.3.3 简单的 TCP 服务器程序........................................................................... 34211.3.4 完善的 TCP 服务器程序模型...................................................................34411.3.5 TCP 客户端程序.........................................................................................347书内源码.....................................................................................................................................351java 名词解释........................................................................................................................... 450Java 术语表................................................................................................................................456Java 相关术语大全................................................................................................................... 464